How to become an HVAC technician

Last checked November 11, 2026. Sources are linked next to each fact.

HVAC technicians install, maintain and repair heating, cooling and refrigeration systems. The path usually combines classroom training, hands-on experience, a federal refrigerant certification, and, in some states, a state or local license.

The quick version

1. Pick a training route: a certificate or associate's program, or an apprenticeship.
2. Get EPA Section 608 certification, which the BLS says nearly all HVAC technicians need.
3. Check your state and city's licensing rules. They vary a lot.
4. Build experience through on-the-job training.

Step 1: Choose a training route

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), HVAC technicians typically need a postsecondary nondegree award, although some enter with less education. Programs at technical and trade schools or community colleges generally last from 6 months to 2 years and lead to a certificate or an associate's degree. High school students interested in the trade should take vocational education, math and physics courses.

Some technicians train through an apprenticeship instead, which BLS says usually lasts several years and includes paid on-the-job training plus technical instruction each year. Search registered apprenticeships at apprenticeship.gov.

Our directory lists 989 schools with HVAC programs. Browse HVAC schools by state or search by ZIP code. For what programs cost, read our HVAC school cost guide.

Step 2: Get EPA Section 608 certification

Federal rule 40 CFR 82.161 requires anyone who could reasonably be expected to violate the integrity of the refrigerant circuit while maintaining, servicing, repairing or disposing of covered appliances to pass an EPA-approved exam. Apprentices are exempt while they are closely and continually supervised by a certified technician. BLS notes that the exam is typically included as part of completing a postsecondary HVAC program. Full details are in our EPA 608 certification guide, and EPA keeps the list of approved testing programs.

Step 3: Check state and local licensing

BLS says some states and localities require HVAC technicians to be licensed, and points to CareerOneStop for state licensing board information (CareerOneStop license finder). Requirements differ widely: some states license contractors, some license individual technicians, some regulate HVAC through electrical licensing, and some leave it to cities and counties.

State-by-state licensing guides: Texas, Washington, California, Florida, Michigan, Arizona, North Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee, Pennsylvania, Minnesota. In other states, your state licensing agency has the current rules.

Step 4: Build experience and optional certifications

BLS says that once hired, technicians typically have a lengthy period of on-the-job training to attain competency. Manufacturer and industry certifications are also available. Many are optional, though some employers prefer or require specific ones (see CareerOneStop for the list).

Pay and job outlook

• Median pay: $61,010 per year ($29.33 per hour), May 2025.
• Jobs: about 440,900 in 2025.
• Projected growth 2025 to 2035: 11 percent, which BLS describes as much faster than average (about 48,200 more jobs).
• About 40,600 openings projected each year, many from workers who transfer or retire.

Source: BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook, Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers. State and local wages differ.

Frequently asked questions